lundi 3 mai 2010

# Utopia today : call for paper

Following is the call for paper for an up-coming events in the Salines Royale in Arc et Senans (designed by Claude-Nicolas Ledoux).

This call for paper has been sent to us by the two organisers of this event : Andri Gerber, Brent Patterson both teachers at Ecole Spéciale d'Architecture in Paris.

(version française à la suite du texte anglais)


Utopia today?

22/23/24 October 2010, Saline Royale (Royal Salt Works), Arc-et-Senans

After the utopian movements of the 1960s and 70s – Archigram, Architecture Principe, Utopie, Superstudio, Archizoom, the Metabolists, Yona Friedman, Paolo Soleri, Buckminster Fuller, Haus Rucker Co. or Coop Himmelb(l)au – utopian discourse and projects have disappeared from architecture and urban design. Utopia no longer appears to be a useful tool for architectural discourse or practice.

If we consider our current condition, in part determined by a condition of atopia (Gregotti, 1991) – the non-places in large urban developments and individual housing (“The non-place is the contrary of utopia: it exists and doesn’t allow a single organic society” Marc Augé, 1992) – and on the other hand by a dystopian vision of imminent ecological disasters, it is surprising that there hasn’t been a reemergence of utopia as a means of imagining better places, other conditions, changes. Certainly there have been some utopias, but of a regressive nature – to quote Manfredo Tafuri – they attempt to stop time instead of advancing, they hide from reality as is the case with numerous gated communities where surveillance systems monitor the fragile borders of their utopias. But there is an absence of progressive utopias.

What is a utopia ? The term has many significations, to the point that it appears to mean anything and nothing, both positive and negative. Certainly utopia is a mirror by which we see and judge reality (“Utopia isn’t pure illusion but an updating of a positive system of norms that, independently of any reference to their possible realization, gives the sole/true measure of what is happening” Lucien Sebag, 1964), but it is also a place that remains better than we wish to create and/or think capable of creating.

That brings us to the hypothesis that under the weight of capitalist and neo-liberalist logic – the Empire referred to by Hardt and Negri (2000) – and the absence of place that it provokes (atopia), that any changing of the current condition and therefore any revival of utopias, appears impossible. In fact the only urban practices that seem to escape this logic today result in social mapping that is purely descriptive or else in interventions at the micro-level without global impact. At the same time, the dystopic visions of a future full of ecological disasters has not produced utopias like those of the 70s, on the contrary architecture and urban planning have become subjected to this logic, so too have the schools which are now focusing on producing “eco-designers” or “bio-architects”. Zizek refers to ecology as a new opium for the masses (2007).

Karl Mannheim (1929), considers utopia in relation to ideology and defines the two as symptoms of malaise in relation to the human condition, but only utopia is capable of changing this condition. Even if this definition is somewhat limited, it appears useful to discuss utopia in relation to ideology. We could argue that the social and ecological concerns produced ideologies to which architecture and urban planning have been subjected, without creating a utopia or an ‘ecotopia’. If all utopias come from an ideal, it is the opposite of ideal – ideology – that seems to haunt current discourse and practice in its submission to capitalist logic.

In addition to the difficulty of explaining utopia, the question of its absence today raises the need for new approaches and definitions. These approaches could look at scale – does utopia present itself more locally today? It could also consider the difference between utopia as form or process (David Harvey, 1996) or the difference between utopian and utopist (Henri Lefebvre, 1974) and the difference between a spatial and temporal utopia. It calls also for the question of the relationship between architecture/urbanism and actual or future forms of energy and their influence on the former. And what is the role of new technologies? Is the virtual creating a new outlet for utopias?

These are some initial thoughts resulting from an analysis of the contemporary condition as seen through the lens of utopias and their absence. This conference proposes the use of the concept of utopia as an indicator of the current condition of architecture and urbanism and these disciplines subjection to a neo-liberal logic, but also as a means of escaping this logic. It will raise ethical and aesthetic questions. It will furthermore investigate the role of energy and thus of sustainability not only as ideology.

The conference will take place at the Saline Royale by Ledoux, as a “partial” incarnation of an 18th century utopia it provides an “ideal” reference and site for this subject, not least of all for Ledoux’s ambiguous motives. The site hosted an exhibition of ‘utopian’ architecture in 1965 including projects/propositions by Architecture principe, Archigram, the Metabolists, and Paolo Soleri.

The conference will have a contemporary focus, but that does not exclude historical investigations that address the current context, nor does it exclude interventions that do not focus exclusively on architecture or urbanism. The conference intends to question current practice, the role of utopia in the work of architects and urban planners today. It will provide a platform for interdisciplinary discourse: researchers and practitioners from all disciplines are invited to submit propositions of a maximum of 2000 words with a CV to the e-mail address utopie@esa-paris.fr before July 16, 2010. Presentations can be made in English or French. Information on accommodation will be communicated.

There is no conference registration fee, but participants must cover their accommodation and meals at the Saline. Information on the options available will be communicated to the participants after confirmation.

The conference is organized by the Ecole Spéciale d’architecture together with the Saline Royale and the Hochschule Luzern, Technik und Architektur

Keynote speakers will include David Harvey (New York) and Christian Hönger (Hochschule Luzern), others will be announced.

Scientific Committee: Johannes Binotto (Universität Zürich) Andri Gerber (Ecole Spéciale d’Architecture), Johannes Käferstein (Hochschule Luzern), Brent Patterson (Ecole Spéciale d’Architecture), Michel Pierre (Saline Royale)

Organization and conception:

Andri Gerber, Brent Patterson (Ecole Spéciale)






Utopie aujourd’hui ?

22/23/24 Octobre 2010, Saline Royale, Arc-et-Senans

Depuis les grands courants d’utopies architecturales et urbaines des années 1960-70 – Archigram, Architecture Principe, Utopie, Superstudio, Archizoom, le Mouvement métaboliste, Yona Friedman, Paolo Soleri, Buckminster Fuller, Haus Rucker Co.
où Coop Himmelb(l)au – l’utopie comme discours et comme projet a disparu
de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme. L’utopie ne paraît plus un instrument valable
pour une pratique et un discours dont l’architecture et l’urbanisme sont les porteurs.

Si on considère « notre » condition actuelle, déterminée d’un côté par une condition d’atopie (Gregotti, 1991) – c’est à dire de non-lieux dans les sites pavillonnaires
ou les grands ensembles (« Le non-lieu est le contraire de l'utopie: il existe et il n'abrite aucune société organique. » Marc Augé 1992) – de l’autre par des vision dystopiques d’imminentes catastrophes écologiques, il est surprenant qu’il n’y ait pas
un ressort à l’utopie pour imaginer des lieux meilleurs, des conditions autres,
des changements. Il y a certes des utopies, mais d’un genre régressif – pour citer Manfredo Tafuri – qui essayent d’arrêter le temps plutôt que le faire avancer, qui donc fuient la réalité comme c’est le cas des innombrables gated communities dont
les systèmes de surveillance sanctionnent les faibles bords de leurs utopies. Mais il y a absence d’utopie progressive.

Mais qu’est-ce que c’est une utopie ? Le terme, comme beaucoup d’autres, a été étendu pour incorporer de nombreuses significations, au point qu’il paraît être tout et rien, à la fois quelque chose de positif comme négatif. Certainement, l’utopie est une miroir, par le quel on regarde et on juge la réalité (« L’Utopie en effet n’est pas pure illusion mais mise à jour d’un système positif de normes qui, indépendamment de toute référence à leur possibles réalisation, donne seul la mesure de ce qui se passe. » Lucien Sebag 1964), mais il est aussi un autre endroit meilleur qu’on souhaiterait et/ou on pense pouvoir réaliser.

Cela amène à l’hypothèse selon laquelle sous le poids de la logique capitaliste et néo-liberaliste – l’Empire dont parlent Hardt et Negri (2000) – des atopies (non-lieux) et de la condition de Heimatlosigkeit, d’absence de lieux qu’elle provoque, tout changement de la condition, et donc tout ressort à l’Utopie paraît impossible. En fait, la seule pratique d’urbanisme qui semble échapper à cette logique, se résolut aujourd’hui soit dans une cartographie sociale qui ne veut que décrire, soit dans des interventions à une micro-échelle, sans influence globale. En même temps, les visions dystopiques d’une future catastrophe écologiques récentes n’ont pas produit des utopies comme celles des années 1970, mais au contraire, un assujettissement de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme à cette logique – Zizek parle de l’écologie comme nouvel opium des masses (2007) – tout comme des écoles, dont le seul souci paraît de produire des « eco-designers » ou des « bio-architects ».

Karl Mannheim, dans son ouvrage sur l’utopie (1929), la considère en relation
à l’idéologie et définit les deux comme symptômes du malaise envers la condition humaine, mais donne seule l’utopie comme capable de changer cette condition.

Même si cette définition est restreinte, il paraît utile de discuter de l’utopie en relation à l’idéologie. On pourrait formuler d’une façon pointue, que les soucis sociaux et écologiques ont produit des idéologies auxquelles l’architecture et l’urbanisme se sont soumis, mais aucune utopie ou ‘écotopie’.

Au-delà de la difficulté de cerner l’utopie, se poser la question de son absence aujourd’hui appelle à des approches, des définitions. Ces approches pourraient tourner autour de la question de l’échelle – est-ce que l’utopie aujourd’hui ne peut plus se penser à une échelle globale ? – de la différence entre l’utopie comme forme et l’utopie comme procès (David Harvey, 1996) – est-ce que l’utopie aujourd’hui ne peut plus prendre forme, mais seulement se manifester dans un procès ? – de la différence entre Utopie et Utopiste (Henri Lefebvre, 1974) et de la relation entre l’aspect spatial et l’aspect temporel de l’utopie. Mais elle pose aussi la question de la relation entre architecture/urbanisme et l’énergie, sa forme, son influence et sa disponibilité future. Et finalement, quel est le rôle des nouvelles technologies des simulations numériques ?

Telle est une première réflexion, qu’une analyse de la condition contemporaine à travers le miroir de l’utopie et de son absence semble suggérer. Ce colloque veut utiliser le concept d’utopie comme indicateur de la condition de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme,
de son assujettissement à la logique néo-libérale, de la question de l’éthique et
de l’esthétique, de l’énergie ou de ses possibilités d’évader ces logiques et ses rhétoriques, si possible, par l’utopie.

Le colloque se tiendra à la Saline Royale de Ledoux, incarnation « partielle » d’une Utopie du 18ème siècle, référence et site « idéal » pour ce sujet, aussi en raison de l’ambiguïté des motivations de Ledoux. Et déjà lieu d’une exposition d’architecture ‘utopique’ en 1965 avec des projets/propositions d’Architecture principe, Archigram, Metabolistes et Paolo Soleri.

Le colloque approche une question contemporaine, mais cela n’exclue pas des investigations historiques qui ouvrent le questionnement sur aujourd’hui, tout comme des intervention non strictement liées à l’architecture ou à l’urbanisme. Le colloque veut aussi questionner la pratique, le rôle de l’utopie dans le travail d’architectes et urbanistes aujourd’hui. Il donnera lieux à une plateforme pour un discours interdisciplinaire : chercheurs de toutes disciplines, tout comme des praticiens sont donc invités a soumettre des propositions de max. 2000 mots avec un CV à l’adresse mail utopie@esa-paris.fr, jusqu’au 16.07.2010. Les présentations pourront se faire en français ou en anglais. Infos sur le logement à venir.

Le colloque est organisé par l’Ecole Spéciale d’Architecture avec la Saline Royale et la Hochschule Luzern, Technik und Architektur

Keynote speakers seront David Harvey (New York), Christian Hönger (Hochschule Luzern), d’autres intervenants sont invités.

Comité scientifique: Johannes Binotto (Universität Zürich) Andri Gerber (Ecole Spéciale d’Architecture), Johannes Käferstein (Hochschule Luzern), Brent Patterson (Ecole Spéciale d’Architecture), Michel Pierre (Saline Royale)

Organisation et conception:

Andri Gerber, Brent Patterson (Ecole Spéciale d’Architecture)



dimanche 2 mai 2010

# Prison Valley by Philippe Brault & David Dufresne

Prison Valley is a documentary created by Philippe Brault & David Dufresne for the French documentary channel Arte (although the language is English). This film explore the urbanity of Cañon City in Colorado which owns thirteen prisons. Brault and Dufresne are thus investigating the American Incarceration system that is fully part of the normatization capitalist system that U.S. embodies. In fact 1% of the American population is currently in prison (as a matter of comparison 0.01% of the French population is in prison -not that the French prisons are better than U.S. ones by the way).
I here insert the trailer of the documentary that you can watch online on the official site.

vendredi 30 avril 2010

# Latent City by Yaohua Wang

Our friend Yaohua Wang (see his Carbon tower and his interview of Wes Jones, his thesis tutor) from Sci-Arc sent me his thesis project he just presented in a room apparently fully packed !

The production of work is simply amazing and the ingenuity of the project is being proven in every rendering. However, a very important part of what makes his Latent City such an amazing projects is embedded in its narration and in this regard I HIGHLY recommend to take the time of watching the 15 min long movie below that explains very didactically why this city is called latent.
The narration implies the architect Foral (aka Yaohua !) finding an agreement with the State in order to build a new city for almost no money. The agreement has to remain secret because it implies a manipulation of big industrial corporations that will own the land for twenty years, build an industrial city according to Foral's plans and therefore providing an important infrastructure. When the city is built, local economic policies forces industries to relocalize their factories outside the city which is abandoned. The state can thus build a new city on the other using the already built infrastructure that has been designed planning on this scenario to occur.
The latent city is thus a palimpsest city whose transformation has been planned since the beginning.
Anyway, the film is far more vivid than I am, so once again I recommend to watch it. The achievement of both design and political narration are compelling.


Latent City by Yaohua Wang from Foral on Vimeo.

Here is Yaohua's summary of his architectural attitude:

Firstly, for me what is the dream of architecture? And, how could this dream happen?

IN SHORT, my dream is 'against'. Architecture against capital rules. Architecture IS against constraints. Architecture IS against the people who have the real power but are doing things which they know are not good, but still do it because it can bring them more profit. This attitude of 'against' is my dream and the

idea of a city with no dead end is just one tangible instance of this attitude in a very specific social context.

and then how, how can I realize this dream in a condition like this?


How can you be 'against' the knife if you are just the fish on a chopping board ? You must be 'against' it wisely, and that means sometimes you should be a little

slippery. and well prepared.


When you can't force it to happen, you should hide it. Camouflage it, make it appear to serve the demands of irresponsible capital. and as time passES by, architecture stays. Be patient, wait for the

opportunity to reveal the real intention. WAIT FOR THE CHANCE TO disclose the latent dream.

And that is my thesis.










mercredi 28 avril 2010

# The architecture of Jean Renaudie

Architecture is the physical form which envelops human lives in all the complexity of their relations with their environment.
Jean Renaudie, 1968

In my opinion, Jean Renaudie is one of the very best French architects of the last fifty years. His two housing complexes in Ivry sur Seine near Paris (see previous post) and in Givors near Lyon are two very successful examples of architecture becoming urban in an era (50's-60's) that created what is now famous as the French suburbs catastrophe. In fact, those two housing complexes are extremely interesting in the fact that they embody a real urban density, mix several social levels, organize urban life on a multitude of storeys, blur the limits between private and public areas and supply a little piece of garden to every apartment. This architecture is full of episodes, surprizing moments of beauty in an urban artefact/landscape full of hideaways.

In order to know more, I recommend Irenee Scalbert's book: A Right to Difference at AA Publications
The following photographs and plans are excerpted from this book.







# Francois Roche's lecture in the AA

This Thursday, Francois Roche (R&Sie(n)) will be giving a lecture at the Architectural Association entitled Ecosophical Apparatus and Skizoid Machines (using Guattari's terminology). This lecture accentuates the launch of R&Sie(n)'s new book called BIO[re]BO[o}T that gathers the Paris based office's work on machines and schizophrenia in architecture.

lundi 26 avril 2010

# Forms of Constraints by Norman Johnston

picture: Illinois State Penitentiary Stateville 1916

Forms of Constraints: A History of Prison Architecture is a book written by Norman Johnston which investigates the physicality of prisons from middle age to the XXth century. It is very interesting, not only as an understanding of the retaliation institutions prison embodies but also because prisons represents the quintessence of authoritarian societies, one can very easily compare their plans with those of "normal" architecture and find a lot of similarities. Architecture is systematically used as an apparatus of control and the plan almost always expresses this dimension very clearly.

Johnston Norman. FORMS OF CONSTRAINT. A history of prison architecture. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2003


Pentonville Prison London 1844

Moabit Prison Berlin 1844

Prision Modelo Madrid 1877

National Penitentiary Mexico City 1885

Maison de Force Ghent 1839

First Western Penitentiary Pittsburgh 1820

Eastern State Penitentiary Philadelphia 1821

Central Prison St Petersburg 1884

samedi 24 avril 2010

# La Qu... by Marc-Antoine Mathieu

Still following the adventures of Julius Corentin Acquefacques, prisoner of the dreams (see previous article), here is another graphic novel by the extremely talented Marc-Antoine Mathieu. This one is entitled La Qu... and has unfortunately not been translated in English (apparently only Dead Memory has been). This novel is once again extremely Kafkaian, but also borrows a small part of its narration to one of the best (and not so known) short story by James Graham Ballard called Billennium, which depicts an overpopulated world in which each citizen has the right on 3.5 square meters. The first image above also illustrate the influence of Marc-Antoine Mathieu since Lars von Trier's Dogville has been released ten years after La Qu...'s publication in 1993.
An important precision here, I tried not to spoil the novel by including the best frames of it, so you can still be fascinated while reading it for the first time.





vendredi 23 avril 2010

# Afghanistan Wartime Architecture

Afghanistan Wartime Architecture is a (huge) series of pictures taken in Afghanistan by photographers from the U.S. Army since the war started in 2001. Of course, the photographs are extremely self-indulgent and maintain the American propaganda (coming from the Army, nobody was waiting for something else !), but also shows interesting military architectures that have been built or appropriated there. Those instant fortress recalls the Roman Legion's camps that were constructed very quickly and the logistic behind it is interesting to observe. For example the American who originally produce the Bulldozer D7, seem to have bought a certain amount of those back from the Israeli who customized it in order to make their best oppressive weapon against the Palestinian out of it.

Thanks Eleni